What is the charge and discharge process of lithium battery?

Lithium-ion battery is mainly composed of four parts: positive electrode (containing lithium compounds), negative electrode (carbon materials), electrolyte and diaphragm.

When a lithium battery is charged, the lithium atoms on the positive electrode ionize into lithium ions and electrons (deimpingement), and the lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte to obtain electrons, which are reduced into lithium atoms and embedded into micropores in the carbon layer (insertion).

When a lithium battery is discharged, the lithium atoms embedded in the negative carbon layer lose electrons (disintercalation) to become lithium ions, which move back through the electrolyte to the positive electrode (insertion).

The charge and discharge process of lithium battery, namely the continuous embedding and deembedding of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes, is accompanied by the embedding and deembedding of equal equivalent electrons. The more lithium ions there are, the higher the charge and discharge capacity.

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